References

References

Bi-yu, C. (N.D.). Reclaiming Culture Ownership - Indigenous Xiqu and the Construction of Taiwanese Identity. Retrieved from the Internet on Oct 26, 2005 at http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/slc/EATS%20II%20Bi-yu%20Chang.pdf

Chyonghuey, J. (2003). Chyanghwa, Hwang and Wentzer, Hwang with Pi-Lih Puppetry. Taipei City: China Times Co.

Chun-Lan L. (N.D.). Puppetry and Taiwanese Identity through Three Historical Period. VCC302 Research Essay. Retrieved from the Internet on Oct 26, 2005 at http://home.utm.utoronto.ca/~c_lin/portfolio/works/302_research_essay.pdf

Duanjenn, G. (1998). The Biography of Important National Artists -- Hand Puppet Master Li Tien-lu. Taipei City: Ministry of Education.

Egg Internet Workroom (2000). Development of Chin-kuang (金光) Puppetry. Retrieved from the Internet on Oct 26, 2005 at http://www.puppet.idv.tw/ACT/act5.htm

Gwojenq, Y. (1999). The Rich Harvest of 1999 Taiwan Culture Festival. Nantou City: Cultural Affair Department Taiwan Provincial Gov.

(GIO) Government Information Office of Taiwan (2004). Glove Puppetry. Retrieved from the Internet on Oct 26, 2005 at http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/culture/glove_puppetry/

Hwanyueh, L. (1990) The Admirable Art -- Taiwanese Puppetry. Taipei City: Taiuan Publishing Co.

Hwajaang, H. (1999). The Beautiful Culture in Taiwan. Changhua City: National Chang-Hua Hall of Social Education.

Jenqjy, C. (1991). Taiwanese Traditional Hand Puppet Performance. Taichung City: Department of Information Taiwan Gov.

Jiannyih, F. (2000). The Taiwanese Hand-Puppetry Performance. Taipei City: Shangjou Edit Co.

Taiwan Headlines (2000). Glove Puppetry Alive and Well. Retrieved from the Internet on Oct 26, 2005 at http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/20000502/20000502f1.html

Taiwan Headlines (2001). Documentary tells tale of Taiwan's glove puppetry. Retrieved from the Internet on Oct 26, 2005 at http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/20010530/20010529f1.html

Wenting T. (2001). Huang Hai-tai Glove Puppetry Maestro and Founder of the Wuchou School. Retrieved from the Internet on Oct 26, 2005 at http://www.sinorama.com.tw/en/show_issue.php3?id=200299109040e.txt&page=1

Yeongyih, T. (1988). The Local National Art. Taipei City: Council for Cultural Affairs, Taiwan.

Yuhluh, W. and Yeaching, W. (1995). The Understanding Appreciation of Taiwanese Puppetry. Taipei City: National Taiwan Arts Education Center.

Yifang, W. (2002). Traditional Arts in Taiwan. Yilan County: National Center for Traditional Art.

Findings

Findings

Table 1

Table 1 showed three items of data which were for puppetry “whether people were fond of it”, “whether it should be promoted”, and “whether it would be continued for the next ten years in Taiwan”. Majority of the respondents were fond of puppetry (frequency = 78, 86.7%) and considered it should be promoted (freq. = 73, 80.2%). In addition, 78.9% of them deemed glove puppetry would be continued for the next ten years in Taiwan (freq. = 71). However, minority of the respondents didn’t like it (10%), and there was no need to promote it (10%). Therefore, a few people (freq. = 3) thought puppetry wouldn't be continued (8.9%).

file://C:\Documents and Settings\user\桌面\Table 1.htm

The following Figure 1 presented which innovations people were glad to see in puppet performance. Obviously, the plot were chosen by the most respondents (frequency = 88). Rank 2 was the scene (freq. = 83). The music (freq. = 79), the puppets' costumes (freq. = 77), and the light (freq. = 75) got near data. In addition, over 50 respondents opted the special effects (freq. = 63) and the language used (freq. = 52). However, only a minority had other opinions (freq. = 7) or did not know (freq. = 2).

N = 90
Figure 1 This graph presented which innovations people were glad to see in puppet performance. Respondents could choose more than one.

The following Figure 2 revealed which types of performing puppetry people like. The majority preferred watching glove puppetry from TV programs (frequency = 87) and movies (freq. = 77). Rank 3 was outdoor shows (freq. = 65). Moreover, over 20 respondents selected radio (freq. = 33) and books (freq. = 23). Nevertheless, under 5 people had other thoughts (freq. = 4) or no comment (freq. = 3).

N = 90
Figure 2 This graph revealed which types of performing puppetry people like. Respondents could choose more than one.

Data Analysis -- Quantitative

Data Analysis -- Quantitative

The data of 90 questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively. The questions which would be assayed were closed-ended items. In addition, the frequency was calculated by using Excel. According to the statistics, 78 participants were fond of glove puppetry (86.7%). Most of them (frequency = 73, 80.2%) considered that Taiwanese puppetry should be promoted because it was a traditional art (see Table 1), also; innovations were needed. They could accept new changes (e.g. music, scene, puppets' costumes, etc.) that were added to puppetry. For the puppet performance, they thought the part which should be improved the most was the plot (see Figure 1). A good plot could attract a large audience. Moreover, TV channel system could influence puppetry performance a lot because the channel of puppet show was set on the unnoticed channel. However, the majority would like to watch puppet performances from TV (see Figure 2). In addition, 76 respondents deemed that Taiwanese government and people who loved puppetry had responsibility for puppetry promotion. Therefore, people (freq. = 71, 78.9%) believed that glove puppetry would be continued for the next ten years in Taiwan if the government could set more awards for it and manage the TV channel system and the puppetry fans could hold more activities to popularize puppetry.

Data Collection

Data Collection

The procedures for data collection were:

Week 1 --- 30 questionnaires were sent by email. The respondents did questionnaire and returned it through the Internet. These 30 questionnaires were expected to collect before Week 4.
Week 2-3 --- 70 people who were in the age of 16 to 45 took the rest of the questionnaires. These questionnaires were returned directly after answering.

Week 4 --- Questionnaires were collected, including those which were done through Internet. After selecting, 90% of questionnaires were available to be analyzed.

Methodology (Re-Draft 3)

Methodology (Re-Draft 3)

This paper was researched into the development of glove puppetry in Taiwan. This questionnaire intended to find the kinds of efforts needed to continue Taiwanese puppetry for the next ten years. The reason for choosing survey-questionnaire to do this research was to gather and know more opinions from other Taiwanese. The sampling group for the survey was from northern, middle, southern, and eastern parts of Taiwan with a total of 100 (60 female and 40 male). In addition, the people who are in the age of 16 to 45 years old took part in this questionnaire. These respondents might have various responses to this questionnaire due to age difference and level of life experience. This survey was carried out for a month. 30 of questionnaires were sent and collected through Internet. However, the problem that occurred was only 90% of the questionnaires were returned. Incomplete questionnaires were not analyzed. Moreover, this survey was divided into two parts. The first part gathered the demographic information of the respondents, e.g. age, sex, marital status, highest educational level, and residence. The second part looked into the respondents’ viewpoints about glove puppetry. Question 1 determined whether the respondents are fond of glove puppetry or not. Question 5 found out the need for promoting glove puppetry. Question 12 searched for whether puppetry would exist for the next ten years in Taiwan.

Methodology (Draft 3)

Methodology (Draft 3)

This paper was researched into the development of glove puppetry in Taiwan. This questionnaire intended to find the kinds of efforts needed to continue Taiwanese puppetry for the next ten years. The reason for choosing survey-questionnaire to do this research was to gather and know more opinions from other Taiwanese. The sampling group for the survey was from northern, middle , southern, and eastern parts of Taiwan with a total of 100 (60 female and 40 male) In addition, the people who are in the age of 16 to 45 years old took part in this questionnaire. These respondents might have various responses to this questionnaire by reason of different range of age and experience. Moreover, this survey was divided into two parts. The first part gathered the demographic information of the respondents, e.g. age, sex, marital status, highest educational level, and residence. The second part looked into the respondents’ viewpoints about glove puppetry. Question 1 determined whether the respondents are fond of glove puppetry or not. Question 5 found out the need for promoting glove puppetry. Question 12 established whether puppetry would keep going or not. This survey was carried out for a month. The questionnaires were collected by posting and third of them will be sent by e-mail. However, the problem that occurred was only 90% of the questionnaires were returned. Likewise, the questionnaire was useless if the response was incomplete. This survey undertook to obtain more data from respondents' perceptions and to ascertain what kinds of exertions were necessary to keep Taiwanese puppetry. It was expected to provide more information and help for this research.

Methodology (Draft 2)

Methodology (Draft 2)

This paper is researched into the perspective of glove puppetry in Taiwan. It is intended if glove puppetry will be continued for the next ten years in Taiwan, what kind of efforts are needed. The sources of data are collected from books, newspapers, news, online sources, and survey-questionnaire. After summarizing and paraphrasing the resources from paper and online materials, the search is focused on survey-questionnaire. The reason for choosing survey-questionnaire to do this research is to gather and know more opinions from other Taiwanese. The sampling group for the survey is from northern, midland, southern, and eastern of Taiwan with total of 100 (60 female and 40 male), for puppetry in Taiwan is a folk culture with no regionalism. In addition, the people who are in the age of 16 to 45 years old will take part in this questionnaire. These respondents may have various responses to this questionnaire by reason of different range of age and experience. Moreover, this survey is to investigate into two sections. First is to inquire about demographic questions through age, sex, marital status, educational level, and residence. Second is to question respondents about their point of view for glove puppetry. For example, (a.) Are you fond of glove puppetry? (b.) In your opinion, should this traditional art, glove puppetry, be promoted? (c.) In your opinion, will glove puppetry be continued for the next ten years in Taiwan? Etc... Furthermore, these questionnaires will be carried out for a month and third of them will be sent by e-mail. However, the problem that may occur is the questionnaires can't be returned, sending by e-mail especially. Likewise, the questionnaire is useless if the response is incomplete. This survey will undertake to obtain more data from respondents' viewpoints and to ascertain what kinds of exertions are necessary to keep Taiwanese puppetry. It is expected to provide more information and help for this research.

Questionnaire (Draft 2)

Questionnaire (Draft 2)

This questionnaire aims to know people's opinions about the perspective of glove puppetry in Taiwan. "Is it possible that puppetry will keep going for the next ten years in Taiwan?" Due to this questionnaire is anonymous and secret, you can be outspoken. Please complete each question as far as possible. No matter what you respond, your viewpoints will be a great help to my research. Certainly, you have right to turn down this questionnaire. If you have any comments or questions, you are welcome to email to ferbyfanny@yahoo.com.tw Ferby Chen. I'll deeply appreciate it. Thank you for responding!

Part I: Please circle your answer.

1. Age: a. 16-20 b. 21-25 c. 26-30 d. 31-35 e. 36-40 f. 41-45 years old.
2. Sex : a. Male b. Female
3. Marital status : a. Married b. Single
4. Educational level: a. High School Diploma b. Associate Degree c. Bachelor's Degree d. Masters e. PhDs.
5. Residence (In Taiwan): a. Northern_____ b. Midland______ c. Southern______ d. Eastern______. (Please write down the city/county)

Part II: Please circle the best answer that reflects your thought.

1. Are you fond of Taiwanese glove puppetry? a. Yes b. No c. I'm not sure.
2. Where did you contact glove puppetry first time? a. Outdoor puppet shows b. TV programs c. Movies d. Books e. Others______ (Please explain it). (Multi-choice)
3. Can you accept new changes (e.g. music, scene, puppets' costumes, etc.) that were added to puppetry? a. Yes, I'm glad to see. b. I have no opinion. c. No, the traditional puppetry is better. d. Others______ (Please explain it).
4. If we talk about glove puppetry, which puppeteer will you think of? a. Lee Tianlu (李天祿) b. Huang Haidai (黃海岱) c. Hung Junxiong (黃俊雄) d. Huang Wenze (黃文澤) e. Others______ (Please explain it). (Multi-choice)
5. In your opinion, should this traditional art, glove puppetry, be promoted? a. Yes, it should be promoted. b. There's no need. c. I'm not sure. d. Others______ (Please explain it). (If your answer is "a", please do next question 6. If not, please jump to question 7.)
6. In your opinion, who is responsible for puppetry promotion? a. Everyone b. Government c. Puppeteers d. People who love puppetry e. Others______ (Please explain it). (Multi-choice)
7. In your opinion, is the glove puppetry more popular than before? a. Yes b. No c. I'm not sure. d. Others______ (Please explain it). (If your answer is "a", please do next question 8. If not, please jump to question 9.)
8. In your opinion, what is the reason that puppetry is less popular than before? a. Old-fashioned b. There is too much kind of entertainments. c. The plot has no attraction. d. Language used is difficult to understand. e. Others______ (Please explain it). (Multi-choice)
9. Which innovation are you glad to see in glove puppetry? a. The scene b. The music c. The light d. Added some special effects (e.g. science) e. The puppets' costumes f. Language used g. The plot h. All of them i. Others______ (Please explain it). (Multi-choice)
10. In your opinion, does Taiwanese government do its best to promote glove puppetry? a. Yes b. No c. I'm not sure. d. Others______ (Please explain it).
11. Which type of performing puppetry do you like? a. Through outdoor puppet shows b. Through the radio c. Through TV programs d. Through movies e. Through books f. Others______ (Please explain it). (Multi-choice)
12. In your opinion, will glove puppetry be continued for the next ten years in Taiwan? a. Yes b. No c. I'm not sure d. Others______ (Please explain it).
13. This question follows Q.12; please write down a brief explanation for your response to Q.12.

Methodology (Draft 1)

Methodology (Draft 1)

This paper is researched into the perspective of glove puppetry in Taiwan. It is intended if glove puppetry will be continued for the next ten years in Taiwan, what kind of efforts are needed. The sources of data are collected from books, newspapers, news, Internet, and survey-questionnaire. After summarizing and paraphrasing the resources from papers and Internet, the search is focused on survey-questionnaire. The reason for choosing survey-questionnaire to do this research is to gather more opinions from other Taiwanese. The respondents for the questionnaire are from any areas of Taiwan with total of 100 (60 female and 40 male). In addition, half of the questionnaires are sent by e-mail. However, the problem that may occur is the questionnaires can't be returned, sending by e-mail especially.

Questionnaire (Draft 1)

Questionnaire

Part A:

1. Age : a. 16-20 b. 21-25 c. 26-30 d. 31-35 e. 36-40 f. 41-45 g. 46-50 h. over 50 years old_____.
2. Sex : a. Male b. Female
3. Marital status : a. Married b. Single
4. Educational level : a. High School Diploma b. Associate Degree c. Bachelor's Degree d. Masters e. Phds.
5. Residence (In Taiwan) : a. Northern_____ b. Midland______ c. Southern______ d. Eastern______.
   

Part B:

1. Do you like Taiwanese glove puppetry ? a. Yes b. No
2. Where did you contact glove puppetry first time ? a. Outdoor puppet shows b. TV programs c. Movies d. Books e. Others______. (Multi-choice)
3. Can you accept new changes (eg. music, scene, puppets' costumes, etc.) that were added to puppetry ? a. Yes, I'm glad to see. b. I have no opinion. c. No, the traditional puppetry is better. d. Others______.
4. If we talk about glove puppetry, which puppeteer will you think of ? a. Lee Tianlu (李天祿) b. Huang Haidai (黃海岱) c. Hung Junxiong (黃俊雄) d. Huang Wenze (黃文澤) e. Others______. (Multi-choice)
5. In your opinion, should this tradional art, glove puppetry, be promoted ? a. Yes, it should be promoted. b. There's no need. c.I'm not sure. d. Others______. (If your answer is "a", please do next question 6. If not, please jump to question 7.)
6. In your opinion, who is responsible for puppetry promotion? a. Everyone b. Government c. Puppeteers d. People who love puppetry e. Others______. (Multi-choice)
7. In your opinion, is the glove puppetry more popular than before ? a. Yes b. No c. I'm not sure. d. Others______. (If your answer is "a", please do next question 8. If not, please jump to question 9.)
8. In your opinion, what is the reason that puppetry is less popular than before ? a. Old-fashioned b. There are too many kind of entertainments. c. The plot has no attraction. d. Language used is difficult to understand. e. Others______. (Multi-choice)
9. Which innovation are you glad to see in glove puppetry ? a. The scene b. The music c. The light d. Added some special effects (eg. science) e. The puppets' costumes f. Language used g. The plot h. All of them i. Others______. (Multi-choice)
10. In your opinion, does Taiwanese government do its best to promote glove puppetry? a. Yes b. No c. I'm not sure. d. Others______.
11. Which type of performing puppetry do you like? a. Through outdoor puppet shows b. Through the radio c. Through TV programs d. Through movies e. Through books f. Others______. (Multi-choice)
12. In your opinion, will glove puppetry be continued for the next ten years in Taiwan? And why? a. Yes, _______________. b. No, _______________. c. I'm not sure, _______________. d. Others, _______________.